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In the sport of cricket, a coin is tossed to determine which team bats first. This is known as the toss. Before play begins, the captain of each side will inspect the pitch. Based on the pitch and weather conditions, the captains select their final eleven players. If the pitch is soft or dusty, the captain will tend to select more spin bowlers; if the pitch is hard, the choice tends to favour fast bowlers at the expense of spinners. Half an hour before the start of play, the two captains convene and exchange team selection sheets. These list the composition of each side, which cannot be changed for the duration of the match. Then, with the supervision of the umpires, a coin is tossed to determine who bats first. The umpire's call of play marks the official beginning of the match. If the match is abandoned at any time after the toss, it stands as a match played and enters official statistical records. If a match is abandoned before the toss, it is not considered to have been played at all, and does not count for records. The captain who wins the toss must choose whether to bat or field. The decision is of great tactical importance, and the captain will have considered many variables before arriving at his decision. Because of the different natures of the games, it is considerably more common to choose to bat second in one-day cricket than it is in Test cricket. From 2016 in the England County Championship there will be no mandatory toss, with the away side having the choice if they wish to field first.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=No mandatory toss in the County Championship )〕 If the away side declines to field first, the toss will still take place. ==Batting first== If the team is uncertain about the nature of the pitch or simply wants to play safe, they bat first. If the opposition bowling is strong, batting first is a good option. Sometimes, the nature of the pitch deteriorates (i.e. makes batting difficult) as the game progresses. Hence batting first is a better option. Another advantage of batting first is that once you have got a total on board; the other team still has to chase it, and anything could happen once they chase. However, the captain of a team that bats first and is scoring well in a first-class game may face a difficult decision as to when to declare. A captain who declares early risks being overtaken by the team batting second; a captain who declares late risks leaving his team with insufficient time to dismiss the other team, so suffering a draw despite having a high score. The team batting second rarely has to face this choice, although it may arise when they score exceptionally well in their first innings. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Toss (cricket)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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